Our health is not just how we look; it is also how we FEEL from the inside out. Mental and emotional health are key components to optimal wellness.

Unfortunately, many people in the U.S. struggle with these – both adults AND our youth!

Studies have shown from 2016 to 2021, the prevalence of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders among children aged 3 to 17 increased from 25.3% to 27.7%, with notable rises in anxiety and depression. This increased during and after the COVID pandemic; it is over, yet we are still not healthy.

High School Students (2023):

40% reported persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness in the past year.

20% seriously considered attempting suicide.

9% attempted suicide

Teens Aged 12–17 (2021–2022):

21% experienced symptoms of anxiety 

17% experienced symptoms of depression 

Children ages 5-17:

14.9% received mental health treatment in the past 12 months.

8.2% took medication for mental health issues.

11.5% received counseling or therapy.

These stats are alarming to me – are they concerning to you too? This is our FUTURE and they are struggling!

When it comes to mental health issues in kids and teens, we NEED look beyond symptoms (like anxiety, depression, or ADHD) to uncover underlying imbalances.

FIRST:

I would review a comprehensive health history with the patient (even as far back as when they were in utero & their birth!)

SECOND: 

Based on their history and a thorough consultation, I would recommend certain tests to gather more data. Remember, our physiology will affect our psychology (and vice versa!)

Here are some of the tests I may use:

Organic acids test (OAT) – gives a broad view of gut, detox, mitochondrial, and neurotransmitter markers.

GI map / comprehensive stool analysis

Food sensitivity panels

Nutrient and mineral analysis

Heavy metal, mold and/or mycotoxin testing

Genetic testing for SNPs (e.g., MTHFR)

Here are key root causes that I might explore, with my functional medicine lens, with pediatric and adolescent mental health:

Stress and Trauma (including Prenatal)

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can shape long-term brain chemistry and behavior.

Birth trauma, prenatal stress, or maternal mental health during pregnancy may influence early development.

Genetic & Epigenetic Factors

MTHFR gene mutations can impair methylation, which affects detox, mood, and neurotransmitter production (these are more common than you think!)

Toxin Exposure is a HUGE area I have been learning about through my mentorship and trainings. Children are especially vulnerable to environmental toxins that can disrupt neurological development. These include:

Heavy metals (lead, mercury, aluminum) found heavily in products, vaccines, paint 

Pesticides, plastics, flame retardants

Mold exposure or mycotoxins: a huge undiagnosed factor!

The gut-brain axis is a major focus in functional medicine!

Dysbiosis (imbalanced gut bacteria) can trigger inflammation and neurotransmitter disruption.

Leaky gut (intestinal permeability) allows undigested food and toxins into the bloodstream, triggering immune reactions and inflammation.

Food sensitivities (e.g., to gluten or dairy) can contribute to mood and behavior issues.

Gut issues and chronic stress will lead to…

Chronic Inflammation & Nutritional Deficiencies

Deficiencies in key nutrients that support brain health and neurotransmitter function can lead to mood disorders and cognitive issues:

Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA/EPA) – essential for brain structure and function.

B vitamins, especially B6, B12, and folate – support mood and energy regulation.

Magnesium – calming, anti-anxiety mineral; many kids are low.

Iron and zinc – deficiencies are linked to ADHD, depression, and behavioral challenges.

Vitamin D – low levels are common and correlated with mood issues.

Blood sugar imbalances can occur from consuming a diet high in processed food products, sugars & carbohydrates.

They can also happen when one’s diet is low in protein, fiber and healthy fat (which help keep us full & satisfied) and steady energy (not huge rises and crashes during the day).

I see many kids get “hangry” because of erratic blood sugar – and addressing alone can make a huge impact on one’s mood and mental well-being.

Then of course our Lifestyle can exacerbate these issues!

The Big Factors here include:

Poor sleep hygiene

Sedentary lifestyle

Lack of real-life social interaction

All stemming from… the dependence & overuse of screens, whether that is TV, tablets, computers or phones

This overuse leads to dopamine dysregulation, social comparison, plus effects hormones like serotonin & melatonin from the exposure to blue light.

There are several holistic and natural ways to support mental health in kids and teens that complement traditional approaches like therapy or medication. Stay tuned for more!